transcendentalism

[From Latin transcendentalis: going beyond or above something.]

  1. (metaphysics) Any approach to philosophy holding that there is an aspect of reality higher than the physical world of perception and experience; another term for idealism, often used to refer to Kantianism or even spiritualism.

  2. (ethics) A school of nineteenth century American philosophy initiated by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882); it advocated a combination of optimism and individualism that emphasized self-reliance and self-fulfillment in harmony with nature.

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